Oppositional Defiant Disorder Essay Example for Free

Oppositional Defiant Disorder EssayChildren are averagely backbreaking to deal with and could be very challenging any(prenominal)times. They usually confirm mood swings and tantrums that are nearlytimes exhausting to control and deal with. On the otherwise hand if the churl or an individual is ob pay heedd with austere pattern of tantrums, arguing and have cut offive expressions to their parents or other people then thither is a possibility that the individual have oppositional noncompliant rowdiness.Oppositional insubordinate deflect (ODD) is a kind of disorder that is creation characterized by a recurrent pattern of negativistic, defiant, disobedient and hostile behavior towards authority figures such(prenominal) as parents and teachers and the elders and it usually occurs and happens for at least 6 months. Teenagers and tikeren with ODD shows a consistent symptom pattern of refusing commands, orders or request coming from adults and they may manifest great a nnoyance, irritability and stubbornness to people that are erstwhile(a) to them. ODD is usually normal in early chelahood and adolescence stage (Sadock, Kaplan, Sadock, 2007). SymptomsHaving a defiant behavior is usually common among barbarianren most especially if they are in the transition of 2 to 3 years or when they reach the teenage years. At this age infantren normally act with defiance so that they nookie affirm themselves and check their limits. There are a lot of symptoms that may indicate that a churl or a teen has ODD. Symptoms of ODD are if an individual always loses his or her temper, often argues with adults, on purpose annoys people, blames other people for his or her mistakes, misbehavior, often annoyed or angry, academic conundrums, often spiteful and defies obeying with adults rules and requests.It is an oppositional defiant disorder if four or more symptoms are present in a souls behavior and lasts for at least six months (Sadock, Sadock Levin, 2007). Furthermore, children with ODD are usually moody and they get easily frustrated with things and they quarter withal have a very low self-esteem. There is also a possibility that they will abuse the use of drugs, other substances and alcohol (Webmd, 2008). Etiology There is still no clear cause behind the oppositional defiant disorder. The etiology of ODD is believed to come from unlike factors such as environmental and genetic or combined.A child who has ODD is more wish wellly to have a history in his or her family of some behavior disorders, anxiety disorder, personality disorder, and mood disorders. In addition, if the parents of the child are alcoholic or have problems with the behavior such as macrocosm always into pettifoggery the child washbowl adapt the behavior and may develop into having ODD later on (Tynan, 2008). diagnosis/ Assessment It is difficult to mark and diagnose different kinds of mental health conditions in a person because some of the symptoms of a sealed disorder may also be present in some other mental disorder.Furthermore, it makes also difficult to diagnose a child whether he or she has ODD because it is normal for children to have the different behaviors that ODD characterized. In diagnosing ODD, there are no medical tests such as blood test that cigaret determine whether a child or a teenager has ODD or another type of disorder. Some disorders such as ADHD, conduct disorder, bipolar disorder and other mood or behavioral disorders can overlap the signs and symptoms of ODD, therefore it is very important to have a thorough check up and observation to see and diagnose a child pretend with ODD (Rapoport Ismond).Moreover, in diagnosing ODD different types of medical tests may be given to the person to be bale to rule out physical illness or medication side make worry X-rays and blood tests. Only mental health professionals like the psychiatrist or psychologist can determine different kinds of mental illnesses such as OD D in an individual. By looking at the childs family and health history experts will be able to find it easier to diagnose a child with ODD (Chandler, 2008). PrevalenceOppositional defiant disorder is said to be more common in boys quite than in girls and in children or adolescents. This disorder can usually be seen and observed when a child reaches the age of 8. It is said in some research that there are about 2 to 16% of the US state both male and female have ODD and about 25 % of the population with ODD develops conduct disorder and about 10% of the population have antisocial personality disorder and mostly are already adults (Videbeck, 2007).ODD is more prevalent in males than females before they reach the puberty stage. However after they reach the puberty stage or adolescence, the ratio of both genders already do equal due to the reason that females tend to be involved with antisocial males as partners (Corcoran Walsh, 2006). Risk Factors Oppositional defiant disorder usual ly comes with other behavior disorders or mental disorders. There are about 50% to 65% of children with ODD usually have attention shortage disorder (ADD) or Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ome form of affective disorder may also be present among 35% of children with ODD, 20% with mood disorders like anxiety disorder or bipolar disorder and 15% develop some personality disorder (Kane, 2008). Other risk factors that may be present to children with ODD are being abused or neglected, lack of supervision from parents, poor relationship with one or both parents and other family members, family instability such as incident of divorce, financial problems in the family, exposure to violence and abusing substance like drugs and alcohol (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2007).Treatment Psychotherapy There are many options for treating oppositional defiant disorder in an individual. unlike treatments depends on the age and the severity of the condition and its symptoms and the person sho uld be willing or aware so that he or she will be able to participate and cooperate well in the treatment process of ODD though it is usually complicated and difficult especially if the individual is a child. foremost and common treatment being used with patient with ODD is psychotherapy. In psychotherapy the process is juts like counseling.The goal of this kind of treatment is to help and assist the child in developing ways on controlling his or her anger and other defiant behaviors. Cognitive behavioral therapy is another way of therapy that can help a child or a person with ODD. It is a kind of technique or approach that intends to influence bad behaviors and cognitions through a goal-oriented process. This kind of therapy has been proven to be effective on most mood disorders, behavioral disorders, personality disorders and other mental diseases.In addition, family therapy can also serve as a great help for treating ODD. This can help family interactions and communications not only to the child with ODD and parent but to rest of the members of the family as well. There is also a new therapy that has been introduced that can help treating ODD and it is called parent management training (PMT). This approach teaches the parents different techniques to positively modify or change their childrens behavior (Webmd, 2008). MedicationsMedications or drugs can also help in the process of treating oppositional defiant disorder in a child. There was a study made to see whether a certain drug called Ritalin can be effective in treating children with ODD. The researchs result undercoat out that there were about 90% of children with ODD who were treated by Ritalin do not have ODD anymore when they finish the study. Another drug called Strattera did also help and got treated for some children with oppositional defiant disorder.Mood stabilizers can also help in the process of treating ODD using medications to be bale to control the behavior of the person with ODD. Lastly , other alternative treatments but has not been proven by studies that is suspected to help in the treatment of ODD. It is said that Omega-3 oils and Vitamin E helps lessen the behavioral problem of a child with oppositional defiant disorder (Kane, 2008). Prognosis Treating oppositional defiant disorder usually takes time to treat. It requires considerable term commitment to the person and most especially to the parents.If the individual did not receive proper treatment there will be a higher risk that the child will develop a conduct disorder or antisocial personality disorder (Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders, 2007). Prevention Good parenting can prevent the prevalence of oppositional defiant disorder. It is very important that parents should treat their children fairly and should be consistent with their rules and consequences inside(a) the home. Proper communication is also needed between children and parents to avoid such problem to occur.Abusing and neglecting children shoul d be also avoided hence it is one factor that triggers ODD to occur in an individual. If parents can already observe different or unusual behavior in their children they should ask for help or seek advice to experts to know if there is something wrong with their children. If ODD is detected earlier then it will be easier also to treat and the person will no longer have to suffer and experience this kind of disorder that can disrupt their lives (Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders, 2007).Conclusion In conclusion, becoming aware and knowing all the information that lies ahead in oppositional defiant disorder is very important. One should be attentive most especially the parents of all the undeniable repercussions that it can bring to a person particularly children and adolescence to be able to stop the increasing frame of ODD and so that children and other people will be able to live normally and forge well in the society.